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Kaur, Sanehdeep
- Influence of Weather Factors and Spray Patterns on Wheat Aphids and their Coccinellid Predator
Abstract Views :253 |
PDF Views:130
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, IN
2 Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, IN
1 Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, IN
2 Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 23, No 4 (2009), Pagination: 375-379Abstract
Wheat is a premier winter cereal crop in India. Among the various insect pests, aphids appear as a complex of species including Sitobion avenae (F.), S. miscanthi (Takahashi), Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch) and R. padi (L.). Coccinella septempunctata L. is a dominant predator of aphids. Various spray patterns were tested to check their effectiveness against aphids. All the treatments more effectively controlled the aphids compared to control. However, the insecticides adversely affected the predator population. The predator populations was reduced by 87.5, 85.4 and 78.9%, respectively, one day after spray in completely sprayed, sprayed strip and unsprayed strip plots, whereas the reduction was only 22.8% in peripherally sprayed plot. The predator recovery started after 3 days in all the treated plots but it was very slow in the completely sprayed plot. Among all the treatments, the peripherally treated plot conserved maximum predator population and controlled the multiplication of the pest.Keywords
Wheat Aphids, Coccinellid, Coccinella septempunctata, Spray Pattern, Recovery, Weather Factors.Full Text
References
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- Cellular Immune Response of Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) during Mycosis of the Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin
Abstract Views :265 |
PDF Views:137
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev Universiy, Amritsar (punjab) 143001, IN
2 Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Arnritsar I43 001, Punjab, IN
1 Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev Universiy, Amritsar (punjab) 143001, IN
2 Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Arnritsar I43 001, Punjab, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 25, No 2 (2011), Pagination: 152-155Abstract
Beauveria bassiana one of the most common and ubiquitous entomopathogens, is known to be a highly potential bioagent for the control of insects belonging to various orders. The cellular immune response was examined in Spodoptera litura larvae infected with B. bassiana. Third instar larvae were treated with a fungal suspension @ 2.03x108 spores ml-1. Haemolymph of treated and untreated larvae were taken after 2, 12, 24,48,72, 96 and 120 hours after inoculation. Plasmatocytes and granulocytes swelled 2 hours after inoculation (HAI) followed by lysis of plasma membrane. Within 24 HAI, apposition was observed. The encapsulation process started after 48 hours and continued for up to 72 hours. After 96 hours of inoculation the granulocytes and plasmatocytes were observed to form nodules. With increasing inoculation time, the size of clump increased, forming multiple layers at 120 HAI. However, despite these insect defense responses, growth of fungal hyphae was observed after 120 hours of inoculation which ultimately resulted in the death of the host.Keywords
Beauveria bassiana, Spodoptera litura, Cellular Immune Response, Encapsulation, Immunity, Hemolymph, Hemocytes.Full Text